01 - Preheat the oven to 400°F and line a baking sheet with parchment paper.
02 - In a large bowl, whisk together the all-purpose flour, whole wheat flour, sugar, baking soda, baking powder, and salt until thoroughly blended.
03 - Add the cold butter cubes to the flour mixture. Cut into the flour using a pastry cutter or your fingertips until the mixture resembles coarse crumbs with some pea-sized butter pieces remaining.
04 - Stir in the raisins or currants and caraway seeds until evenly distributed throughout the flour mixture.
05 - In a small bowl, whisk together the buttermilk and egg until blended. Pour into the dry mixture and stir gently with a spatula just until combined. The dough will appear shaggy—avoid overmixing.
06 - Turn the dough onto a lightly floured surface. Gently pat into a 1-inch thick round. Cut into 8 equal wedges and transfer to the prepared baking sheet, spacing them evenly apart.
07 - Brush the tops of each scone with buttermilk using a pastry brush. Sprinkle with coarse sugar if desired for extra crunch and sweetness.
08 - Bake for 16 to 18 minutes until the tops are golden brown and a toothpick inserted into the center comes out clean.
09 - Allow scones to cool on the baking sheet for 5 minutes before transferring to a wire rack. Serve warm with butter and jam.